राजस्थान पिछड़ा वर्ग आरक्षण (संशोधन) विधेयक, 2019

जयपुर, 13 फरवरी। राज्य विधानसभा ने बुधवार को राजस्थान पिछड़ा वर्ग (राज्य की शैक्षिक संस्थाओं में सीटों और राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में नियुक्तियों और पदों का आरक्षण) (संशोधन) विधेयक, 2019 ध्वनिमत से पारित कर दिया।  इससे पहले ऊर्जा मंत्री श्री बुलाकी दास कल्ला ने विधेयक को सदन मेें प्रस्तुत किया।  विधेयक पर हुई बहस के दौरान उप मुख्यमंत्री श्री सचिन पायलट ने कहा कि राज्य सरकार ने बहुत जिम्मेदारी और गंभीरता से प्रत्येक पहलू पर चर्चा कर कानूनी सलाह लेकर और समाज कल्याण विभाग, विधि विभाग से चर्चा कर इस विधेयक को लाने का निर्णय किया। उन्होंने कहा कि सरकार ने जो वादे किए हैं, वह उन्हें पूरा कर रही है। उन्होंने कहा कि आज भी इंदिरा साहनी केस के बाद 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा आरक्षण पर रोक लगी हुई है, लेकिन तमिलनाडु व महाराष्ट्र जैसे राज्यों ने 50 फीसदी की सीमा को पार किया है और हाल ही केन्द्र सरकार ने आर्थिक आधार पर 10 फीसदी आरक्षण की व्यवस्था की है। यह व्यवस्था संविधान में संशोधन करके दी गई है। 

उप मुख्यमंत्री ने कहा कि हमारी सरकार ने निर्णय किया है कि हम अति पिछड़ा वर्ग के आरक्षण को 1 प्रतिशत के स्थान पर 5 प्रतिशत करेंगे। 9वीं अनुसूची में डालने का संकल्प राज्य विधानसभा में पारित करने के साथ ही हम केंद्र सरकार से भी आग्रह करेंगे कि जैसे उन्होंने 10 प्रतिशत आरक्षण को संविधान संशोधन करने के बाद लागू किया है, उसी तर्ज पर इस विधेयक को भी लागू करने में मदद करेंगे।  श्री पायलट ने सभी विधायकों से अपील की कि पूरा सदन, सभी दल और 200 विधायक सर्व सम्मति से इस बात को कहें कि वे इसके पक्ष में कानून में परिवर्तन चाहते हैं।  सरकार संदेश देना चाहती है कि यह जन प्रतिनिधियों का फैसला है।  उप मुख्यमंत्री ने कहा कि हमने दिन-रात मेहनत करके विधेयक तैयार किया है। यह राजनीतिक मुद्दा नहीं, मानवीय मुद्दा है। उन्होंने कहा कि इस बार विशेष परिस्थितियां हैं। न्यायाधिपति (से.नि.) सुनील कुमार गर्ग और न्यायाधिपति (से.नि.) श्री इन्द्रसेन इसरानी की कमेटी की फाइंडिग्स हैं और केन्द्र सरकार के नए घटनाक्रम के कारण इस आरक्षण के लिए रास्ता खुला है।  श्री पायलट ने प्रदेश की जनता से आग्रह किया कि प्रदेश की चुनी हुई सरकार जो कर सकती है, उसने किया है। उन्होंने आंदोलन करने वाले लोगों से, गुर्जर समाज के बंधुओं से और प्रदेश के लोगों से आग्रह किया कि जो मांगें थीं, आज उन्हें सरकार ने पूर्ण किया है। उन्होंने आंदोलन को समाप्त करने की अपील की।

विधेयक पर हुई बहस पर जवाब देते हुए ऊर्जा मंत्री श्री बुलाकीदास कल्ला ने कहा कि तमिलनाडु में 69 फीसदी आरक्षण हो गया है। यह आरक्षण विधानसभा के प्रस्ताव पारित होने के बाद ही संवैधानिक संशोधन से हुआ है। इसी तरह महाराष्ट्र में और अन्य दक्षिण के राज्यों में 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा आरक्षण मिला हुआ है। इसी बात को ध्यान में रखते हुए हमने संशोधन के प्रस्ताव प्रस्तुत किए हैं। उन्होंने कहा कि अभी हाल ही केंद्र सरकार ने लोकसभा में संवैधानिक संशोधन पारित कर आर्थिक रूप से पिछड़े सवर्ण वर्ग के लोगों को 10 फीसदी आरक्षण दिया है। इसी तर्ज पर अति पिछड़ा वर्ग को भी आरक्षण दिया जा सकता है। उन्होंने कहा कि हमारे संविधान के अनुच्छेद 38 में राज्यों को कहा गया है कि वे ऎसी सामाजिक व्यवस्था करें कि जिसमें सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक न्याय राष्ट्रीय जीवन की सभी संस्थाओं को अनुप्राणित करे। इसी प्रकार अनुच्छेद 46 में भी दुर्बल वर्गों को शिक्षा एवं अर्थ संबंधित विषमताओं को दूर करने के लिए कानून बनाए जाएं ताकि उन्हें सामाजिक व आर्थिक न्याय मिले। उन्होंने कहा कि जब राजस्थान विधानसभा में अति पिछड़ा वर्ग को 5 फीसदी आरक्षण देने का प्रस्ताव पारित करके भेजेंगे तो केंद्र सरकार को भी इसके संबंध में कानून बनाना पड़ेगा। उन्होंने कहा कि संविधान में कुछ इस प्रकार के उपबंध किए गए हैं कि अल्प कालीन सत्र बुलाया जा सकता है, अध्यादेश जारी किया जा सकता है। 

श्री कल्ला ने कहा कि राज्य सरकार पूरी तैयारी के साथ विधेयक लेकर आई है। सरकार इस मामले में पूरी तरह से गंभीर है। सरकार चाहती है कि आर्थिक रूप से, सामाजिक रूप से और शैक्षिक रूप से अति पिछड़े वर्ग जिनमें मुख्य रूप से बंजारा, बालदिया, लबाना, गाड़िया लोहार, गाडोलिया, गूजर, गुर्जर, राईका, रैबारी, देबासी, गडरिया, गाडरी, गायरी जातियां आती हैं, का त्वरित सामाजिक और शैक्षिक उत्थान हो, इसके लिए हम ये विधेयक लाए हैं।

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Right to Privacy is Fundamental Right - Supreme Court 9 Judge bench Decision

Right to Privacy is Fundamental Right as per Supreme Court in a landmark verdict on 24th August 2017. 9 judges were unanimous in their finding, though they cited different reasons for their conclusion.  A nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that Indians enjoy a fundamental right to privacy, that it is intrinsic to life and liberty and thus comes under Article 21 of the Indian constitution it will also overrules the 1961 Kharak Singh verdict now. The right to privacy verdict is a major setback for the government, which had argued that the constitution does not guarantee individual privacy as an inalienable fundamental right. The bench comprised Khehar and Justices J. Chelameswar, S.A. Bobde, R.K. Agrawal, Rohinton Nariman, A.M. Sapre, D.Y. Chandrachud, Sanjay Kishan Kaul and S. Abdul Nazeer.

In declaring privacy to be a fundamental right, the Supreme Court has overruled verdicts given in the M.P. Sharma case in 1958 and the Kharak Singh case in 1961, both of which said that the right to privacy is not protected under the Indian constitution. The court’s written judgement will be made available later in the afternoon and this story will be updated with details on whether it chose to sketch the contours of a right to privacy or detail how it may or may not be restricted in various applications. The petitioners, former Karnataka high court judge Justice K.S. Puttaswamy and others, had contended that the biometric data and iris scan that was being collected for issuing Aadhaar cards violated the citizen’s fundamental right to privacy as their personal data was not being protected and was vulnerable to exposure and misuse. Arguments on behalf of the petitioners were made by senior advocates Gopal Subramanium, Shaym Divan, Sajan Poovaya, Arvind Grover and Indira Jaising, and former attorney general Soli Sorabjee.

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Concept of Power and Authority

Concept of Power and Authority: Concept of Power and Authority is one of Topic under RAS Mains Exam new syllabus "Concept of Power and Authority, Responsibility and Delegation" under General & Administrative Management chapter as per new syllabus. We will cover Concept of Responsibility and Delegation in over Next article via various web and text book sources.
Power: In political science we define power as the ability to influence the outcome of events.  Power can be present in any relationship. Many scholars adopt the definition developed by German sociologist Max Weber, who said that power is the ability to exercise one’s will over others (Weber 1922). Power affects more than personal relationships; it shapes larger dynamics like social groups, professional organizations, and governments. Similarly, a government’s power is not necessarily limited to control of its own citizens. A dominant nation, for instance, will often use its clout to influence or support other governments or to seize control of other nation states. In an organization manager exert power on subordinates. Again subordinates can also exert power on his boss by useful suggestions.
Five bases of power:
1. Reward power
2. Coercive power
3. Legitimate power
4. Expert power: Based on the belief or perception that influencer has some special knowledge that influence doesn’t have
5. Referent power: This power is exerted by the influencer with whom a person desire to be identified.

Authority refers to accepted power i.e. power that people agree to follow. People listen to authority figures because they feel that these individuals are worthy of respect. Generally speaking, people perceive the objectives and demands of an authority figure as reasonable and beneficial, or true. Authority is often used more broadly to refer to a person’s ability to exert power as a result of quality such as knowledge or titles such as judge. In terms of our political lives, the president of the India and his administration command authority, or rightful power, for at least a critical mass or majority of Indian citizens.

Three main types of authority:
1. Traditional Authority: traditional authority is accepted because that has traditionally been the case; its legitimacy exists because it has been accepted for a long time. Britain’s Queen Elizabeth, for instance, occupies a position that she inherited based on the traditional rules of succession for the monarchy. People adhere to traditional authority because they are invested in the past and feel obligated to perpetuate it.

2. Charismatic Authority: charismatic authority is accepted because followers are drawn to the leader’s personal qualities. The appeal of a charismatic leader can be extraordinary, inspiring followers to make unusual sacrifices or to persevere in the midst of great hardship and persecution. Charismatic leaders usually emerge in times of crisis and offer innovative or radical solutions. They may even offer a vision of a new world order. Hitler’s rise to power in the postwar economic depression of Germany is an example.
3. Rational-Legal Authority: power made legitimate by laws, written rules, and regulations is termed rational-legal authority. In this type of authority, power is vested in a particular rationale, system, or ideology and not necessarily in the person implementing the specifics of that doctrine. A nation that follows a constitution is applying this type of authority. On a smaller scale, you might encounter rational-legal authority in the workplace via the standards set forth in the employee handbook, which provides a different type of authority than that of your boss. 

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Secularism Definition, Preamble and Constitution of India

Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people.

Secularism in India means equal treatment of all religions by the state. Unlike the Western concept of secularism which envisions a separation of religion and state, the concept of secularism in India envisions acceptance of religious laws as binding on the state, and equal participation of state in different religions. With the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation. However, neither India's constitution nor its laws define the relationship between religion and state.

Secularism in India in Preamble of Constitution of India:

Preamble
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a [SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

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Important Fact about Currency of India, World

Important Fact about India Currency, Currency across World:
* The first coins were minted (made) around 2500 years ago.
* Paper money was first used in China over 1000 years ago.
* The first "rupee” was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri. It was based on a ratio of 40 copper pieces (paisa) per rupee.
* Udaya K Dharmalingam is the designer of the Indian rupee Symbol, which was adopted by the Government of India in 2010.Indian Rupee
* From 1953, Hindi was displayed prominently on the new notes.
* The Government of India took over the issue of banknotes in 1861 from the Private and Presidency Banks.
* The first series of coins with the Indian rupee symbol was launched on 8 July, 2011.
* The first 1000Rs Note was introduced in 2000.
* The first 20Rs and 5Rs note was introduced in 2001.
* Decimalization started in 1957 and the rupee was divided into 100 Naye Paise.
* Total 15 Languages (Apart from English) are printed in Indian Rupee Note. They are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Panjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
* In India, the first paper banknote was published by Bank of Hindustan in 1770.
* The current Mahatma Gandhi series of banknotes stared from 1996 with new series of 10Rs notes.
* Indian coins are produced in 4 cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata. The coins produce from each city puts an identification mark under the year of issue. Coins produced in Delhi have a dot mark, Mumbai have diamond mark, Hyderabad have star mark and coin produce from Kolkata have nothing beneath the year.
* Credit cards were first used in the United States in the 1920’s.
Important Currency & Countries:

Country	Currency Name
Afghanistan	Afghan Afghani
Argentina	Argentine Peso
Australia	Australian Dollar
Austria	Euro
Bangladesh	Bangladeshi Taka
Belgium	Euro
Bhutan	Bhutanese Ngultrum
Brazil	Brazilian Real
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Lev
Burma	Burmese Kyat
Cambodia	Cambodian Riel
Canada	Canadian Dollar
Chile	Chilean Peso
China	Chinese Yuan
Czech Republic	Czech Koruna
Denmark	Danish Krone
France	Euro
Germany	Euro
Greece	Euro
Hong Kong	Hong Kong Dollar
India	Indian Rupee
Indonesia	Indonesian Rupiah
Iran	Iranian Rial
Iraq	Iraqi Dinar
Italy	Euro
Japan	Japanese Yen
Malaysia	Malaysian Ringgit
Mexico	Mexican Peso
Russia	Russian Ruble
Saudi Arabia	Saudi Riyal
South Africa	South African Rand
Switzerland	Swiss Franc
United Arab Emirates	United Arab Emirates Dirham
United Kingdom	British Pound
United States	United States Dollar

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Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Resettlements (LARR) Bill 2011

LARR Bill 2011: Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Resettlements (LARR) Bill 2011 is a to ensure a humane, participatory, informed consultative and transparent process for land acquisition for industrialisation, development of essential infrastructural facilities and urbanisation with the least disturbance to the owners of the land and other affected families and provide just and fair compensation to the affected families whose land has been acquired or proposed to be acquired or are affected by such acquisition and make adequate provisions for such affected persons for their rehabilitation and resettlement thereof, and for ensuring that the cumulative outcome of compulsory acquisition should be that affected persons become partners in development leading to an improvement in their post acquisition social and economic status and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 

Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Resettlements (LARR) Bill 2011 is a much awaited bill for Land acquisition reforms and rehabilitation for the development projects in India. The bill was introduced in Lok Sabha in India on 7 September 2011. The bill will be central legislation in India for the rehabilitation and resettlement of families affected by land acquisitions. The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement, 2011 Bill is also known as LARR Bill 2011 and LARR 2011. The Bill has 107 clauses. It is currently in public domain and India's parliament for review, as Bill number 77 of 2011. This bill has not yet been tabled in the parliament of India as on May 2013. It is under review for revisions.

For Details Documents in PDF Format CLICK HERE

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Women and Constitution of India

Women and Constitution of India: Condition of women in India has not been historically very good. As is evident from Manusmriti, women did not have much rights as compared to men. Due to such continuous unfavorable treatment, the social status of women has become really bad. The makers of Indian Constitution also understood this fact and have provided several provisions for elevating the status of women and giving them a level playing field. The following is a brief description of such provisions.

1. Woman Reservation Bill: Women's Reservation Bill or the The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, is a pending bill in India which proposes to amend the Constitution of India to reserve 33% of all seats in the Lower house of Parliament of India, the Lok Sabha, and in all state legislative assemblies for women. The seats to be reserved in rotation will be determined by draw of lots in such a way that a seat shall be reserved only once in three consecutive general elections.
Current Status: The Upper House Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 9 Mar 2010. As of March 2013, the Lower House Lok Sabha has not yet voted on the bill108th amendment, 33% reservation in Lok Sabha & All Vidhansabha of States

2. PC & PNDT Act 1994:  Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 to curb this practice and brought into operation from 1st January, 1996. PNDT Act and Rules have been amended keeping in view the emerging technologies for selection of sex before and after conception and problems faced in the working of implementation of the ACT and certain directions of Honorable Supreme Court. These amendments have come into operation with effect from 14th February, 2003.

As per PC & PNDT Act 1994: 

A. No Genetic Counseling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic unless registered under this Act, shall conduct or associate with, or help in, conducting activities relating to pre-natal diagnostic techniques.

B. No Genetic Counseling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall employ or cause to be employed any person who does not possess the prescribed qualifications;

C. No medical geneticist, gynecologist, pediatrician, registered medical practitioner or any other person shall conduct or cause to be conducted or aid in conducting by himself or through any other person, any pre-natal diagnostic techniques at a place other than a place registered under this Act

3. Protection of Woman from Domestic Violence Act 2005: An Act to provide for more effective protection of the rights of women guaranteed under the Constitution who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the family and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 differs from the earlier law, Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, in that it explicitly defines domestic violence in addition to dowry-related cruelty. omestic violence is defined as follows:
For the purposes of this Act, any conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence if he:

(a) habitually assaults or makes the life of the aggrieved person miserable by cruelty of conduct even if such conduct does not amount to physical ill-treatment; or

(b) forces the aggrieved person to lead an immoral life; or

(c) otherwise injures or harms the aggrieved person.  

4. National Commission for Woman: The National Commission for Women was set up as statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990 ( Act No. 20 of 1990 of Govt.of India ) to :

A. review the Constitutional and Legal safeguards for women ;

B. recommend remedial legislative measures ;

C. facilitate redressal of grievances and

D. advise the Government on all policy matters affecting women.

In keeping with its mandate, the Commission initiated various steps to improve the status of women and worked for their economic empowerment during the year under report.  The Commission completed its visits to all the States/UTs except Lakshdweep and prepared Gender Profiles to assess the status of women and their empowerment.  It received a large number of complaints and acted suo-moto  in several cases to provide speedy justice.  It took up the issue of child marriage, sponsored legal awareness programmes,  Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats and reviewed laws such as Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, PNDT Act 1994, Indian Penal Code 1860 and the National Commission for Women Act, 1990 to make them more stringent and effective.  It organized workshops/ consultations, constituted expert committees on economic empowerment of women, conducted workshops/seminars for gender awareness and took up publicity campaign against female foeticide, violence against women, etc. in order to generate awareness in the society against these social evils. Rastra Mahila .. newslatter published By NCW in Hindi as well as English.
5. Constitutional Provision for Woman: 

Article 14: Equality before law
Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty

Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children

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Indian National Anthem

Indian National Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana " is the national anthem of India. It was written by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.  A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds. The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.

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PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India

PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India: Question asked in RAS Mains Examination 2010 under 2 Marks question to write on People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) which is related to Naxalites in India. 

Communist Party of India (Maoist) is an underground political party in India which aims to overthrow the government of India through people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the People's War, and the Maoist Communist Center (MCC). Please who want to covers question on CPI(Moist), Naxalites and PLGA can refer Wikipedia and One Online Research paper from one source on Internet will definitely help to gather a view on such questions. 

Download Paper of PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India
Refer Wikipedia for CPI (Maoist) in India

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Answer Key of RAS Pre Exam 2012 released by RPSC Ajmer

Rajasthan Public Service Commission(RPSC), Ajmer declared ANSWER KEY of RAS/RTS PRE Examination 2012 held on 14th June 2012 for all subject for the first time. RPSC Ajmer earlier annouce that this time RPSC will declare the Answer key for all subject before the results for the RAS(Rajasthan Administrative Services) and Allied service Examination 2012. A welcome move by RPSC Ajmer for RAS aspirants candidates. Candidates can visit RPSC Website for Official Answer key released by RPSC Ajmer of 17th August 2012 for all subjects. 

Check RAS PRE 2012 Subjects Official answer Key: 

1. Agriculture  2  Agriculture Engg.  3  Animal Husb. & Vete.Sc.    4. Botany  5.Chemistry  6.Civil Engg.  7.Commerce  8.Crop Husb. with Horticul. 9.Computer Engg.   10.Computer Science  11.Dairy Proc. & Technology  12.Economics  13.Electrical Engg.  14.Electronics & Telec Engg.  15.Geography  16.Geology  17.Indian History  18.Law 19.Mathematics  20..Mechanical Engg. 21.Mining Engg. 22.Philosophy 23.Political Science  24.Psychology  25.Public Administration 26.Statistics 27.Zoology.

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RAS Pre 2012 Public Administration Paper, Key, Solution

RAS PRE 2012 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION(ADMIN) PAPER: Rajasthan Public Service Commission(RPSC), Ajmer has conducted RAS Pre Examination on 14th June 2012 which contains two papers:
1. General Knowledge and General Science Paper - Common
2. Optional Paper - Public Administration Paper. 
The Answer Key for RAS Pre 2012 GK,GS Paper is uploaded on www.rasexam.com with explanation, while second paper Public Administration was Optional Subject Paper-2. Here is Answer Key for RAS Pre 2012 Public Administration Paper. 
For all Previous year RAS/RTS Papers(1991-2012) visit: RAS Exam Previous years Papers or You can follow us on FACEBOOK OR GOOGLE+

CHECK RAS Pre 2012 PUBLIC ADMIN Paper, Key, Solution

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RAS Pre Question Paper 2008 Solved - Public Administration

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) Examination, 2008 Question Paper solved for Public Administration (held on 7-1-2009)
1. Which of the following theories focuses on informal organization and participative management ?
(A) Human Relations Theory
(B) Scientific Management Theory
(C) Behavioural Theory
(D) Contingency Theory
Ans : (A)

2. “Until administrative description reaches a higher level of sophistication, there is little reason to hope that rapid progress will be made towards the identification and verification of valid administrative principles.” Who said it ?
(A) Henri Fayol
(B) Leonard White
(C) Herbert Simon
(D) Robert Dahl
Ans : (D)

3. Which of the following attempts to construct a theory of public organization in tune with consumer interests and individual preferences ?
(A) Development Administration Approach
(B) Public Choice Approach
(C) Co-optation Concept
(D) Behavioural Approach
Ans : (B)

4. Who theorized that ‘Every person has certain basic assumptions about other people’s attitude toward work and organization.’ ?
(A) Elton Mayo
(B) Frederick Herzberg
(C) Chris Argyris
(D) Douglas McGregor
Ans : (D)

5. Which of the following has been termed as the biological parent of Public Administration ?
(A) Sociology
(B) Political Science
(C) Business Administration
(D) Psychology
Ans : (B)

6. The central theme of Comparative Public Administration is—
(A) Administrative structure
(B) Bureaucracy
(C) Citizen-Administration Relations
(D) Leadership
Ans : (B)

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