Swaran Singh Committee and Members

Swaran Singh Committee: Swaran Singh was chairperson of the committee entrusted with the responsibility of studying the Constitution of India in 1976 during the national emergency. Soon after the declaration of the national emergency, Indira Gandhi constituted a committee under the Chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experiences. Based on its recommendations, the government incorporated several changes to the Constitution including the Preamble, through the Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India (passed in 1976 and came into effect on 3 January 1977). He was awarded Padma Vibhushan award - the second highest civil award by the republic of India in 1992. Swarn Singh Committee was having total 12 Members which are following:

1. Swaran Singh - Chairman

2. A.R. Antulay

3. S.S. Ray

4. Rajni Patel

5. HR Gokhale

6. VA Sayed Muhammed

7. VN Gadgil

8. CM Stephen

9. DP Singh

10. Dinesh Goswami

11. Vasanth Sathe

12. BN Banerjee

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Concept of Power and Authority

Concept of Power and Authority: Concept of Power and Authority is one of Topic under RAS Mains Exam new syllabus "Concept of Power and Authority, Responsibility and Delegation" under General & Administrative Management chapter as per new syllabus. We will cover Concept of Responsibility and Delegation in over Next article via various web and text book sources.
Power: In political science we define power as the ability to influence the outcome of events.  Power can be present in any relationship. Many scholars adopt the definition developed by German sociologist Max Weber, who said that power is the ability to exercise one’s will over others (Weber 1922). Power affects more than personal relationships; it shapes larger dynamics like social groups, professional organizations, and governments. Similarly, a government’s power is not necessarily limited to control of its own citizens. A dominant nation, for instance, will often use its clout to influence or support other governments or to seize control of other nation states. In an organization manager exert power on subordinates. Again subordinates can also exert power on his boss by useful suggestions.
Five bases of power:
1. Reward power
2. Coercive power
3. Legitimate power
4. Expert power: Based on the belief or perception that influencer has some special knowledge that influence doesn’t have
5. Referent power: This power is exerted by the influencer with whom a person desire to be identified.

Authority refers to accepted power i.e. power that people agree to follow. People listen to authority figures because they feel that these individuals are worthy of respect. Generally speaking, people perceive the objectives and demands of an authority figure as reasonable and beneficial, or true. Authority is often used more broadly to refer to a person’s ability to exert power as a result of quality such as knowledge or titles such as judge. In terms of our political lives, the president of the India and his administration command authority, or rightful power, for at least a critical mass or majority of Indian citizens.

Three main types of authority:
1. Traditional Authority: traditional authority is accepted because that has traditionally been the case; its legitimacy exists because it has been accepted for a long time. Britain’s Queen Elizabeth, for instance, occupies a position that she inherited based on the traditional rules of succession for the monarchy. People adhere to traditional authority because they are invested in the past and feel obligated to perpetuate it.

2. Charismatic Authority: charismatic authority is accepted because followers are drawn to the leader’s personal qualities. The appeal of a charismatic leader can be extraordinary, inspiring followers to make unusual sacrifices or to persevere in the midst of great hardship and persecution. Charismatic leaders usually emerge in times of crisis and offer innovative or radical solutions. They may even offer a vision of a new world order. Hitler’s rise to power in the postwar economic depression of Germany is an example.
3. Rational-Legal Authority: power made legitimate by laws, written rules, and regulations is termed rational-legal authority. In this type of authority, power is vested in a particular rationale, system, or ideology and not necessarily in the person implementing the specifics of that doctrine. A nation that follows a constitution is applying this type of authority. On a smaller scale, you might encounter rational-legal authority in the workplace via the standards set forth in the employee handbook, which provides a different type of authority than that of your boss. 

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Right to Reject all Candidates, 2013

Supreme Court on 27th September 2013 gave the citizens of India the right to reject all candidates in elections. The judgement will be implemented immediately, and the "none of the above" option will be included in EVMs and ballot papers to be used in the upcoming state Assembly Elections later this year. The Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, already gives Indians the right to not vote for any candidate, through Section 49 (O). Under this section, used by a minuscule number of well-informed voters, voters can have their finger inked, then tell the presiding officer that he/she does not wish to vote for any of the candidates and this is then recorded in a register. This implies that a voter declares openly that he is rejecting the candidates. The SC decision provides to citizens the right to a secret ballot even while exercising his right to reject all the candidates.
"Democracy is all about choices and voters will be empowered by this right of negative voting," a bench headed by Chief Justice P Sathasivam said in its order on Friday. The judges said that this "would lead to a systemic change in polls and political parties will be forced to project clean candidates". Negative voting is prevalent in 13 countries and even in India, MPs are given the option of abstaining while voting in the parliament, the court said.

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Indian National Anthem

Indian National Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana " is the national anthem of India. It was written by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.  A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds. The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.

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PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India

PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India: Question asked in RAS Mains Examination 2010 under 2 Marks question to write on People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) which is related to Naxalites in India. 

Communist Party of India (Maoist) is an underground political party in India which aims to overthrow the government of India through people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the People's War, and the Maoist Communist Center (MCC). Please who want to covers question on CPI(Moist), Naxalites and PLGA can refer Wikipedia and One Online Research paper from one source on Internet will definitely help to gather a view on such questions. 

Download Paper of PLGA, CPI (Maoist), Naxalites in India
Refer Wikipedia for CPI (Maoist) in India

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Questions on Indian Constitution - 100 MCQs

Questions on Indian Constitution with Answers: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) based on Indian Constitution and Policies are asked in various examinations like RAS, IAS, IES, IRS and SSC conducted by RPSC, UPSC and other state level PSCs. Here is collection of top 100 Frequently asked Questions from Indian Constitution and Policies as part of RasExam.com QUIZ TIME. For readers who want to explore more on Constitution can refer or 7th July 2011 Article which contains Full Constitution of India in Hindi and English in PDF Download format.

DOWNLOAD INDIAN CONSTITUTION QUIZ IN PDF 

Download FREE Android App on Your Mobile: 

Rajasthan GK: http://tinyurl.com/q7lq7e5

India GK in English: http://tinyurl.com/men8tdf

Samanya Gyan in Hindi: http://tinyurl.com/msuqwq6

1.The model code of conduct for Political parties and candidates to be followed during election is:

A. Laid down in the constitution of India

B. Specified in the representation of the People Act. 1951

C. Enjoined by the supreme court

D. A voluntary agreement among recognized political parties.

Ans: B

2. Who is the chairman of the Lok Sabha ?

A. President

B. Minister of Parliament affairs

C. Speaker

D. Prime Minister

Ans: C

3. Which one of the following Articles empowers the President to Appoint Prime Minister of India ?

A. Article 74

B. Article 75

C. Article 76

D. Article 77

Ans: B

4. The constituent Assembly formed the drafting committee of India constitution on:

A. 29th August 1947

B. 30th August 1948

C. 29th August 1949

D. 29th August 1950

Ans: A

5. Which one of the following sets of Bills is Presented to the Parliament along with the Budget ?

A. Direct taxes bill and Indirect taxes bill

B. Contingency Bill and Appropriation Bill

C. Finance Bill and Appropriation Bill

D. Finance Bill and Contingency Bill

Ans: C

6. Which of the following exercised the most profound influence in framing the Indian Constitution ?
(A) British Constitution
(B) U.S. Constitution
(C) Irish Constitution
(D) The Government of India Act, 1935
Ans: D 

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President of India List till date with Photo

President of India List till date with Photo (1950 to 2012):

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RAS Pre 2012 Political Science Paper, Key, Solution

RAS PRE 2012 Political Science PAPER: Rajasthan Public Service Commission(RPSC), Ajmer has conducted RAS Pre Examination on 14th June 2012 which contains two papers:
1. General Knowledge and General Science Paper - Common
2. Optional Paper - Political Science Paper. 
The Answer Key for RAS Pre 2012 GK,GS Paper is uploaded on www.rasexam.com with explanation, while second paper Political Science was Optional Subject Paper-2. Here is Answer Key for RAS Pre 2012 Political Science Paper. 
For all Previous year RAS/RTS Papers(1991-2012) visit: RAS Exam Previous years Papers or You can follow us on FACEBOOK OR GOOGLE+

CHECK RAS Pre 2012 Political Science Paper, Key, Solution

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RAS Pre 2007 Paper Solved - Political Science

RAS Pre Question Paper Solved - Political Science for R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) Examination, 20071. When a Governor reserves a bill passed by the State Legislature ?
(A) He may be impeached
(B) He sends it to the President
(C) He may help the bill pending indefinitely
(D) He may give assent to the bill later

2. Match the following features of Indian Constitution and their sources—
List-I
(a) Bill of Right and Judicial Review.
(b) Parliamentary System of Democracy.
(c) Directive Principles.
(d) Residuary Powers with Centre.
List-II
1. England
2. Ireland
3. U.S.A.
4. Canada
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 4 1 2 3
(B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 1 2 4

3. A uniform civil code has been recommended in the Directive Principles to ensure—
(A) Economic equality
(B) National security
(C) National integration
(D) Support for weaker sections of society

4. Indian Institute of Public Administration is situated at—
(A) Delhi
(B) Madras
(C) Calcutta
(D) Bombay

5. Which of the following Newspaper is not associated with Gandhiji ?
(A) The Statesman
(B) Harijan
(C) Young India
(D) Indian Opinion

6. The Bureaucratic model set-up in India by the British Government are based on the theory given by—
(A) Weber
(B) Macaulay
(C) Michels
(D) Macpherson

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RAS Pre Exam 2010 Answer key for Political science

RAS Pre Exam 2010 Answer key for Political science

RAS Pre Exam 2010 Answer key for Political science is mentioned at below link

http://springboardindia.org/ras-2010-pol.pdf

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